Geography

Geography is the study of Earth’s physical, biological, and cultural characteristics, including topography and climate and how plant and animal organisms interact with those features. Physical geography delves into the attributes and processes of the atmosphere, lithosphere, and hydrosphere, which can be affected by climate, geologic forces, and human activity. Human geography encompasses the processes that influence human interaction, including human responses to the environment.

Biogeography focuses on the spatial distribution of living systems in the biosphere. Geographers study the factors that produce habitats and organisms' adaptations.

The representation of spatial data is the focus of Cartography/Maps. Science and aesthetics combine to produce a meaningful depiction of geographical information.